Nazarbayev, who ruled the oil-producing country for three decades, said he had remained in Kazakhstan during the worst violence in the country's post-Soviet history.

Unrest erupted over a sharp increase in car fuel prices before swelling into an anti-government movement, with public anger targeted at 81-year-old Nazarbayev.

The prosecutor general's office has said at least 225 people were killed.

Speaking two weeks after the protests began, Nazarbayev said he was no longer in charge of central Asia's richest country.

"...I handed over my (presidential) powers to President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in 2019 and have since been a pensioner, and I am now (living) in retirement in Kazakhstan's capital and have not gone anywhere," he said, addressing rumours that he was abroad.

"President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has full powers."

Nazarbayev's sudden disappearance during the protests and the detention of former state security chief Karim Masimov on treason charges have prompted talk of a rift between the former president and his successor Tokayev.

"There is no conflict or confrontation within the elite," Nazarbayev said.

"Rumours about this are completely unfounded."

At the peak of the unrest, Tokayev said he was taking over as chairman of the security council, a position through which Nazarbayev had continued to wield sweeping powers after resigning as president.

Once security forces restored control over the country of 19 million, Tokayev said he wanted those who had made their fortunes under Nazarbayev's rule to share their wealth with the public.

Since January 15, all three of Nazarbayev's sons-in-law have resigned from senior positions at state companies and a business lobby group and Tokayev has sacked the ex-president's nephew from the No 2 position at the National Security Committee.

Australian Associated Press